Snowboarding saftey essays

Snowboarding saftey essays One of the newest and fastest spreading sports is snowboarding. As this sport has come along, several cliches have been formed. One outstanding one is that all snowboarders are reckless teenagers who should go home. Well, it is true for the most part, but there are also exceptions. The safe ones. The key to snowboarding is safety. A good rider is a safe rider. A boarder must always follow the official code of responsibility. Boarders must also protect themselves. If safety is not taken seriously, snowboarding can be dangerous. The code of responsibility is as follows: 1. Ride under control and in such a manner that you can stop or avoid other riders or objects. Recently, a snowboarder did not follow this rule and hit a jump and landed on a skier killing him. 2. When riding downhill or overtaking another rider, you must avoid the rider below you. This rule should be followed when passing those slow skiers who take up the whole hill with the unnecessarily long turns. 3. You must not stop where you obstruct a trail or are not visible from above. When local snowboarder Pepper Fajans stopped under a jump to pick up a hat and goggles, another snowboarder came over the jump and hit Fajans. Fajans should have followed this rule. 4. When entering a trail or starting downhill, yield to other riders. Not yielding to others can cause a collision. 5. All riders shall use devices to prevent runaway skis. A leash around the ankle will prevent a miss held board from sliding down he hill and hitting somebody. Fine s can be around $500 if a runaway prevention device isn't worn. 6. A rider shall keep off closed trails and posted areas and observe all posted signs. Often these signs will give warning of a cliff and should be taken seriously. Even if you follow the rules though, there is still room for injury. The law does not require boarders to wear any kind of protection but many people have begun using helmets among other types o...

The Best AP Psychology Study Guide

The Best AP Psychology Study Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips AP courses cover a lot of complex information, and it's not always easy to find great study materials and strategies. I've written this AP Psychology study guide as a way to make the process of studying for the AP test and other in-class assessments a little less overwhelming. It will help you figure out how to structure your studying, give you strategies to better understand the material, and provide links to notes and practice resources. If you follow the advice in this guide, you'll be on your way to a high score! What’s in This Study Guide? This guide will help you study for the AP Psychology exam and other assessments in your class by providing study strategies and other resources that pertain to the material covered in the course. In the first section, you'll learn how to create a study plan for the exam that supports your needs as a student. This section applies exclusively to the final AP exam, so it's less relevant if you’re just studying for an in-class test. The next section provides study tips that are specific to AP Psychology and will serve you well as you prepare for both in-class tests and the final exam. The last part of the guide is devoted to notes, outlines, videos, and other online resources that will be useful in your studying. AP Psychology Study Plans Before you start studying, you should know the difference between where you are in your knowledge of the material and where you want to be. Find a practice test in a review book or online, print it out, and take it as though it were the real AP Psychology test (70 minutes for the 100 multiple-choice questions and 50 minutes for the two free-response questions). If it’s from a review book, the book should guide you in calculating your score. If not, you can use this chart to estimate your AP score: Composite Score AP Score 113-150 5 93-112 4 77-92 3 65-76 2 0-64 1 To calculate your composite score, first add up all the multiple-choice questions you answered correctly. Then, convert the number of points you earned on the free-response questions to a value out of 50. For example, if you got 8 out of 15 points on the two free-response questions, you would convert that to about 27 out of 50. Add those two numbers together to get your composite score. Depending on how much you need to improve and the amount of time you have before the test, you might choose to structure your studying in different ways. I’ll go through a 10-hour plan and a 20-hour plan. The shorter plan is for students hoping to improve by one AP point or raise their score within the same AP range so that they feel more comfortable during the test. The longer plan is for students hoping to improve by two or more AP points (and can be extended further if necessary). I know this doesn't seem like much time, but a few hours of focused studying goes a long way for this particular subject. Psychology is one of the shorter AP tests (just two hours total), so practice testing won't be as long of a process. Additionally, questions tend to be based on memorization of definitions of terms and some logical reasoning. There aren't as many complex thought processes involved. Overall, AP Psychology is considered one of the easier AP tests. Most students will probably be able to earn a high score (4 or 5) by studying for 10 hours or less. 10-Hour Study Plan Take a diagnostic test (2 hours) Score the test and analyze your mistakes (1.5 hours) Study content and revise strategy, keeping in mind your mistakes on the diagnostic test (2 hours) Take another practice test (2 hours) Score the test and analyze your mistakes (1.5 hours) Final study session to clear up any issues you had on the second test (1 hour) 20-Hour Study Plan Take a diagnostic test (2 hours) Score the test and analyze your mistakes (1.5 hours) Study content and revise strategy, keeping in mind your mistakes on the diagnostic test (3 hours) Take another practice test (2 hours) Score the test and analyze your mistakes (1.5 hours) Study areas of content where you’re still missing questions, do practice questions, continue to revise strategy (3 hours) Take a third practice test (2 hours) Score the test and analyze your mistakes (1.5 hours) Final study session to clear up any confusion (1.5 hours) Wrap up your studying with a final practice test (2 hours) Each of these plans has the same basic components, but the second one allows you to spend more time studying content and has more room for additional practice tests. If you’re trying to improve by 2 or more AP points, it’s likely that there are some major gaps in your content knowledge that warrant additional studying. It’s extremely important to document and analyze your mistakes on each practice test if you’re hoping to make big improvements. Mistakes come in several different forms, and you should be aware of this so that you can make appropriate changes to your test-taking strategy and study plan after each practice test. If the majority of your incorrect answers are the results of careless mistakes or poor time management, the solution to your problem isn't necessarily more content review. These types of mistakes respond better to additional practice testing that increases your familiarity with time limits and question formats. If, on the other hand, you find that all or most of your incorrect answers are due to gaps in content knowledge, you can use this information to focus your studying on the areas that cost you the most points. I’d recommend categorizing your mistakes so that you know where to direct your studying. In this case, you might not need to make many modifications to your actual test-taking strategy. Most students will have a mixture of both types of mistakes, but it's good to be mindful of where your biggest problems lie so that you can tackle them more efficiently. Writing down your study plan or scheduling it in a planner will help you stay on task. Yesssss. Become one with the stock photo. 4 AP Psychology Study Tips Before you start studying content for AP Psychology, I want to give you a few studying and test-taking tips that will help you get the most out of your time. Here are some pointers to keep in mind when preparing for the AP test and any other in-class assessments throughout the year: Tip #1: Terms Are Super Important You’ll need to have extensive knowledge of the definitions of psychological terms for both the multiple-choice and free-response sections of the test. Some definitions are relatively intuitive, but others are almost impossible to figure out if you haven't studied them directly. Be meticulous about going over all terms covered by the class so that you don’t second guess yourself on the test. This is especially important for free-response questions, where you’ll be asked to describe how terms relate to certain situations. You need to understand them beyond just the ability to pick their correct definitions out of a multiple choice lineup. Flashcards are a very useful study tool for AP Psychology. Tip #2: Make the Abstract Concrete With all the confusing terminology involved in this course, it's easy to get mixed up and think that a term means one thing when it really means another. Since psychology deals with how people act and process information on a day-to-day basis, it’s a great idea to connect terms to specific scenarios in your life. For example, you might connect a term like â€Å"reciprocity norm,† which says that people tend to treat others the same way they have been treated, to a situation where a store employee was rude to you. Maybe they received poor treatment from other customers and were reflecting that back onto you (they also could just be a jerk, but it’s nice to give people the benefit of the doubt). When you make this type of connection, the term becomes stickier in your memory because it’s tied to the heavy weight of a real life experience. You can practice applying psychology terms to your everyday life at any time because the concepts are constantly demonstrated all around us. I don't mean that you should literally make things concrete. However, even this picture could be relevant because it looks like a scene from some sort of serial killer horror movie. You can use it to remember Antisocial Personality Disorder. Tip #3: Logic, Logic, Logic Remember to listen to your common sense when answering questions. In some cases on the AP exam, you can figure out the answer with nothing but a little bit of logic. It’s common for students to forget this and start to worry if they don’t know what every part of the question means. Take a step back, and think about which answer makes the most sense based on what you do know. You may be surprised by how many questions you can answer this way. Here's an example (which I used in my AP Psychology review article as well) of what I'm talking about: There are a few complex terms involved, and the question might seem wordy, but it's actually very basic. When they were scared, the monkeys preferred the soft cloth mother over the uncomfortable wire mother with food. Logically, we can conclude that the answer is B. Overthinking is the downfall of many high-achieving students, so don't start to doubt yourself just because the answer seems "too simple" to you! Tip #4: Complete Sentences, Not Complete Essays Although this isn’t really a study tip, I think it’s important to know before the exam. It probably also applies to in-class tests. Psychology is about your grasp of science, not English, so don't bother with introductions, conclusions, or any other fluff surrounding your answers on free response questions. All you need to do is give a direct answer in a complete sentence. You’ll save time and make it easier for the graders to give you points. It’s smart to get used to doing this on practice free-response questions so that you'll be a pro by exam time. Get to the point(s). AP Psychology Content: Notes, Outlines, and Videos Here are some resources that cover all the content you'll see on the exam. I’ve also included the percentage of exam questions that deal with each topic. Depending on your learning style, you might decide to look at written notes or follow along with a video in areas where your understanding is weaker. You can also use these resources throughout the year to review for in-class assessments. If you had difficulty understanding a concept as it was taught to you in class, you might use the notes and videos in this article to access alternative explanations. You could also use them to supplement your studying if you found that you were consistently coming up with incorrect answers to questions in a certain topic area on quizzes or practice tests. History and Approaches (2-4% of exam) WikiNotes PowerPoint Video Research Methods (8-10% of exam) WikiNotes PowerPoint Video Biological Bases of Behavior (8-10% of exam) Wikinotes Neural Processing and the Endocrine System The Brain Genetics, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavior PowerPoint Video Sensation and Perception (6-8% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint Video States of Consciousness (2-4% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint Video Learning (7-9% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint Video Cognition (8-10% of exam) Wikinotes Memory Thinking, Problem Solving, Creativity, and Language PowerPoint Video Motivation and Emotion (6-8% of exam) Wikinotes Motivation Emotions, Stress, and Health PowerPoint Video Developmental Psychology (7-9% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint Video Personality (5-7% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint Video Testing and Individual Differences (5-7% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint Video Abnormal Psychology (7-9% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint (Part 1 and Part 2) Video Treatment of Psychological Disorders (5-7% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint Video Social Psychology (8-10% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint Video Overall Review AP Psychology Full Review Sheet List of Terms and People to Remember Full Playlist of Crash Course Psychology Videos The way your brain works is a puzzle, but you can solve it with the magic of psychology! ISN'T LEARNING FUN? Resources to Test Your Knowledge If you're unsure of where to start with your studying or prefer to learn in a more interactive way, here are some additional online resources for reviewing concepts and taking practice tests: College Board The College Board site has real AP Psychology free-response questions with answer guides from 1999 to 2017. You can also access the latest AP Psychology course description for sample multiple-choice questions and answer explanations. Barron’s Take a free full-length AP Psychology practice test on the Barron’s website. It’s automatically graded for you! Disclaimer: If you use this resource, make sure you supplement the practice test with other official practice tests from the College Board. Unofficial practice test questions created by prep companies are not always accurate representations of the format and content of the real test. Albert.io This site includes practice questions that cover all the topics in AP Psychology. It divides them into easy, medium, and hard difficulty levels and records how many questions within each level you’ve answered correctly. This makes it simple to gauge which areas need the most work. Quizlet This site has a bunch of sets of Flashcards with AP Psych terms to help you practice. Here’s a strong set of flashcards based on the Myers textbook. And here's another that goes through all the famous psychologists you should know. Varsity Tutors This site has several diagnostic tests to help you get a feel for how much you know already (they’re not complete AP tests, but they’re a nice way to assess your knowledge briefly between full practice test sessions). It also has a bunch of mini quizzes organized by topic area and labeled based on difficulty level. Flashcards for AP Psychology terms and concepts are included here as well. The AP Psychology Commune (I’m Not Kidding) This amazingly ridiculous site has self-grading multiple-choice quizzes for AP Psychology. I encourage you to check out the rest of the site as well for a journey into madness that will permanently scare you off drugs. High School Test Prep This site has lots of free practice tests organized by topic area. You’ll get immediate feedback with detailed answer explanations as you go along. A whole internet's worth of AP Psychology practice resources are at your poorly-photoshopped fingertips! Conclusion Following the advice in this study guide is a promising step towards a high score on the AP Psychology test and other tests throughout the school year. AP Psychology is a completely manageable subject if you prepare for the exam responsibly. Memorizing key terms, applying concepts to your everyday life, using common sense to solve practice questions, and staying focused on the free-response section will all contribute to your success in class and on the AP test. After reading this article, you should have everything you need to successfully answer even the most challenging questions the College Board throws at you! What's Next? For more information on how to prepare for the AP Psychology exam, check out my comprehensive review guide. Are you looking for some review books to supplement your studying? Read about the best review books for AP Psychology. You can also try our articles on specific psychology topics, like this one about Stockholm Syndrome. If you're still trying to decide how many AP classes you should take in high school, read this article for some great advice! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business Plan - Essay Example However there have been various gaps in the service standards of online shopping. This paper is about a business plan of Online China Shopping Mall. The first section deals with the business viability of the proposal. Marketing mix is explained in the next section where the product, pricing, place and promotional strategies will be discussed. Entrepreneur skills and leadership styles are the next section which is followed by the human resource strategies. The supply chain management is another important factor of the online retailing that is discussed in the last section followed by conclusion of the paper. There is a good scope within the retail segment for variety of goods and products. These include clothing, fashion and apparel marketing, grocery stores, pharmacy, electronics, fast food and many others. There are number of organization offering these services. These organizations are superstores like Wal-Mart or smaller neighborhood retail outlet. The strategies of these organizations are based on their target customer base, location and company. The average household wealth is higher in the metro areas. In the recent studies inner city areas have indicated a large consumer base and high concentration of wealth and buying power. These areas have low competition, lower operating cost, real estate prices and others which make these areas a good prospect for business. According to a study completed by ICIC and the Boston Consulting Group of the more than $85 billion in retail spending per year that inner cities represent (over 7% of all U.S. retail spending), $21 billion of this demand is going unmet. 1 According to Kalakotas and Robinson (1999) this Internet-based technology, allow the online application to integrate several business functions such as accounting, banking, finance, management and administrative control, supply chain management, selling chain management, data collection system, marketing, and also fund transfer. . E-commerce has become

Design a Flowchart Wk.1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design a Flowchart Wk.1 - Essay Example Most conflict in any situation involves communication breakdown to some extent" (pp. 34). It's important to have clarity in one's life. In this case, the author is obviously upset with the job situation. The author wants to be a freelance writer, because the current bottleneck of the author is the author's job. The author's current job is boring and thankless. There is not enough pay; the author feels underutilized and underappreciated. Moreover, the author feels that the current work the author is doing is not meaningful. Having clarity is a positive thing, because one can have more insight into one's activities and their meaningfulness. Since the author's work is not fulfilling, it is hoped the author can find more meaningful work, therefore. To the author, meaningful work means that the author would have the ability to choose what the author wants to do (in writing, for example). The author would not have to do anything the author did not want to do. Work would consist of being ab le to work at a stay-at-home office, in the author's ideal life. According to Bruner (2002), "The capacity of an integrated or multistep process is determined by the portion of the process with the least capacity, or the bottleneck of the system. Thus, identification and relief of bottlenecks are important issues in process management" (pp. 127). First, one must find out (or identify) the bottleneck. Obviously, the bottleneck has been identified as the author's work situation. The author wishes to do a job that is not problematic. In order to solve the problem of the bottleneck, something obviously should be done. The author, therefore, has decided that the answer to this bottleneck of the work situation is to simply change jobs. Warren (2008) comments, "The theory of constraints (TOC) is astrategy that focuses on reducing the influence of bottlenecks on a process" (pp. 455). According to this theory, this management philosophy-the five focusing steps-can help to reduce the problems inherent in getting rid of a bottleneck. The bottleneck in process described here was that of this author's job. This author wanted to obtain new employment that would be satisfying. Mainly, the problem identified was the author's dissatisfaction with current employment. Current employment would be replaced with a freelance writing job that would allow the author to spend less time working and at the same time earn more money. REFERENCES Bruner, R.F. (2002). The portable MBA. USA: Wiley. Dettmer, H.W. (1997). Goldratt's theory of constraints: a systems approach to continuous improvement. USA: ASQ Quality Press. How delays affect processes and change. (2009). Available: http://www.bizmanualz.com/information/2005/03/24/how-delays-affect-processes-and-change.html. Warren, C.S. (2008). Survey of accounting. USA: South-Western College

The Great Depression in America :: essays research papers fc

October 29th, 1929, a day in history that I will never forget. My name is Bob Bigsby, and I survived The Great Depression. My survival was all due to two of the hardest working people I have ever met, my mom and dad. It was just the three of us living in our small two-bedroom house in New York City, right outside of Manhattan, home to Wall Street and the New York Stock Exchange. I was 11 years old at the beginning of the Depression; old enough to remember some of the worst sights and experiences I have encountered till this day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Black Tuesday, October 29th, 1929, was, as I remember, the day that the whole stock market went to hell (Gupta 17). All the stocks began to plummet at the fastest speeds ever recorded in history. There are many arguments of how and why the stocks did crash on October 29th. I believe that it was due to President Hoover, the current president at the time, keeping the Federal Reserve from expanding the money supply while bank panics and billions of dollars in bank deposits were lost (Gupta 19). Basically, the stock markets crashing began a chain reaction, which ended in what we call, The Great Depression (Nelson 1). But the how’s and why’s are not very important because nobody really understands that economic â€Å"mumbojumbo† that analysts and experts talk about. The thing that is important is what went on during the Great Depression after Black Tuesday.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our family had a small turkey farm that contained about 200 some wild turkeys. It was an â€Å"ok† business before the arrival of Black Tuesday. We had to buy the feed for the turkeys on credit because we were just getting started with this business and couldn’t afford to pay for the feed just yet. It was our job to make the turkeys nice and plump so that they would attract customers during Thanksgiving. Last year we made a killing off of our turkey sales, we were able to pay off all our debts and still have enough money for good Christmas presents. My mom and dad were greatly anticipating this years Thanksgiving sale, because we had twice as many turkeys as we did last year. We were only about a month and a half away from Thanksgiving. Spirits were high. I remember just chasing the turkeys in the field without a care in the world.

Compare and contrast the benefits of online and conventional classes Essay

It seems that technology is growing, improving and changing at an exponential rate. Technology now affects every part of our lives. One of the major areas that has been affected by technology is education. The advancement of technology has recently allowed for education to be completed in an online setting instead of in a conventional classroom setting. Both are great ways to receive an education. They both strive for the same purpose, which is to help students reach their goal during college or universities. Although online and conventional class are great, they do differ in some ways. Whether you choose to attend classes online or in a traditional physical setting, you will be assigned homework to complete. Both types of students typically have Internet access, so websites ad research materials are equally available for them to get information. Text books are still central to learning relevant information, so they are same both learners to make sure that there is no discrepancy in content. Online class also require to take course exam same as conventional class. Both types of learning rely on teacher, but they are different in the way students and teachers interacting with each other. Online students communicate with lecturers through e-mail while conventional classes offer more direct interaction with faculty. Students who thrive on the quick exchange of ideas between professor and students may find that they prefer the classroom environment than online class. On the other hand, students who experience anxiety when they are called on to speak during class or are an introverts can enjoy the time to reflect on their responses and questions offered by an online class. Online education and traditional education are different on their cost. Online schools are less expensive, partly because students do not have to pay for the facilities at school and added cost of daily expenses. They can study anywhere as long as they have computer or internet access. Read Also:  Topic for Compare and Contrast Essay However, the students who attend the school which implementing traditional education will spend much more money. So, if students want to enjoy the facilities at school such as gym, libraries, dining halls and residence halls to be part of their college experience, they may want to consider attending the brick-and-mortar school. Online courses typically allow students to work asynchronously, which means that they can complete their coursework at the time and place of their choosing. This is often ideal for working students or single parents who  need a flexible schedule. On the other hand, traditional classes might also be better for those who are not good with time management and self-discipline. It is more difficult to ignore a growing pile of reading assignments when class meets regularly to talk about them. Deadlines may be easier to remember and motivation may come naturally with daily in-class reminders, peer pressure and set a schedule. To sum up, there are several similarities and differences between online class and conventional class. The similarities are both of these schools have homework’s, let students to learn and get information, while the differences are they way students and teachers interacting with each other, cost and the time of studying. Regardless of the similarities and differences that bring many benefits for people, but the key is to pick the type of program that works the best for you, your lifestyle and your schedule.

Differences Between Spanish and English Verb Tenses

Spanish speakers and English speakers think of their verb tenses in much the same way: The present tense of English functions much like the present tense of Spanish, and the same can be said of other tenses. But there are some differences youll come across as you get past the beginners level of Spanish. Here are some of the most significant ones: Using the Present Tense to Discuss the Future It is possible in both languages to discuss the future while using a present tense, but you can do so more flexibly in English. In English, you can use either the simple present or the present progressive to refer to the future. For example, you could say either The bus arrives at 2 or The bus is arriving at 2. In Spanish, however, you must use the simple present: El bus llega a las dos. (The bus arrives at 2)La pelà ­cula comienza a las 8:45. (The film begins at 8:45.) The present progressive in Spanish suggests that something is happening now. El bus està ¡ llegando means something like The bus is in the process of arriving, so it doesnt make sense to add a future time element. You could also use the future tense in either language for these situations. Using the Present Tense for What Is Happening Now In both languages, the simple present is used to refer to something that happens continuously, regularly, or repeatedly. Thus Los elefantes comen raà ­ces can mean Elephants eat roots, and Hago muchos errores can mean I make many mistakes. In Spanish but not English, however, the simple present can also be used to refer to something that is happening now, a concept that in English is expressed using the present progressive. Thus Los elefantes comen raà ­ces can also mean The elephants are eating roots, and Hago muchos errores can also mean I am making many mistakes. To determine what the Spanish means, you need to look at the context. You could also use the present progressive in Spanish to indicate that something is happening now (such as Los elefantes està ¡n comiendo raà ­ces), but that verb form isnt used nearly as much in Spanish as in English. Tense for Activities That Continue The idiom in Spanish for indicating when an activity began is hace time period, the equivalent of ago in English. If the event is completed, both languages use the preterite: Comimos hace dos horas. (We ate two hours ago.)Viajaron a Madrid. (They traveled to Madrid.) If the action is still continuing, however, Spanish typically uses the phrase hace time period que followed by a simple present-tense verb, while English usually uses a have or has verb form followed by for and the time period: Hace dos aà ±os que vivo con à ©l. (I have been living with him for two years.)Hace 36 horas que Roberta està ¡ aquà ­. (Roberta has been here for 36 hours.) Using the Future Tense for Likelihood Although the future tense in both languages is mostly used to indicate what will happen, in Spanish it can also be used to indicate that something seems probable. There is no English equivalent to this suppositional future based on verb tense: Guillermo estarà ¡ en casa. (Guillermo is probably at home.) ¡Serà ¡ la verdad! (It must be true!) In a question, the suppositional future is often used to express lack of knowledge or wondering:  ¿Dà ³nde estarà ¡ Catalina? (Where could Catalina be?) ¿Quà © serà ¡ eso? (What could that be?) Tense and the Beginning of Actions In Spanish, use of the preterite tense rather than the imperfect tense can indicate when the verbs action began. English may use a different word or sentence structure rather than tense to convey the same thing. For example, conocer often refers to knowing someone. To say you knew someone, youd use the imperfect in Spanish but the preterite in English: Yo conocà ­a a Gabriela. (I knew Gabriela). Using the preterite in Spanish would usually be understood as referring to when the knowing began: Conocà ­ a Gabriela. (I met Gabriela.) In this way, the choice of verb tense can affect how a Spanish verb is translated to English: Sabà ­a nadar. (I knew how to swim.)Supe nadar. (I knew I had to swim.) Regional Differences for the Present Perfect In both languages, the present perfect can refer to events that happened at some unspecified time in the past: Hemos identificado los problemas. (We have identified the problems.)Ha estudiado para ser actriz. (She has studied to be an actress.) But in some areas, especially Spain, the Spanish present perfect is used primarily to refer to events that occurred in the very recent past. Hace un minuto he llamado a mi madre. (A minute ago I called my mother.) ¡Mi perro se ha comido el collar antiparasitario! (My dog just hate his antiparasite collar!) But in other areas, the preterite or some construction other than the present perfect would be preferred: Hace un minuto llamà © a mi madre. (A minute ago I called my mother.) ¡Mi perro se acaba de comer el collar antiparasitario! (My dog just hate his antiparasite collar!)